Beyond information seeking / Godbold(2006)
Citation - Godbold, N. (2006). Beyond information seeking: Towards a general model of information behaviour. Information Research, 11(4). available in http://informationr.net/ir/11-4/paper269
keyword: information behavior
- 將以 Wilson 與 Dervin 理論為主的資訊尋求行為模式擴張到資訊行為模式
- Argument: 某些資訊行為模式的缺點在於其序列式的程序,而「真實」的行為並非總是序列的。此外,資訊行為模式應該避免只描述資訊尋求。
A shortcoming of some models of information behaviour is that they present a sequence of stages where it is evident that actual behaviour is not always sequential. In addition, information behaviour models tend to confine themselves to depictions of information seeking. - Development. 根據 Chatman, Krikelas, Savolainen 的理論發展出「多向性」資訊行為模式,涵蓋了資訊創作、資訊消除與資訊避免等行為。
A model of 'multi-directionality' is explored, to overcome the notion of sequential stages. Inspired by authors such as Chatman, Krikelas, and Savolainen, modes of information behaviour such as creating, destroying and avoiding information are included. - Conclusion. 新的資訊行為模式替換了整合 Wilson與Dervin模式的「阻礙」、「鴻溝」概念。新提出的模式採用多向性的概念與識別方法。
New models of information behaviour are presented that replace the notion of 'barriers' with the concept of 'gap', as a means of integrating the views of Wilson and Dervin. The proposed models incorporate the notion of multi-directionality and identify ways in which an individual may navigate 'gap' using modes of information behaviour beyond information seeking.
Exist IB theories and models reviewed
- Brookes (1980) : 資訊方程式 K[S] + ΔI = K[S + ΔS]
- Wilson
- 1981: Figure 1: Wilson's 1981 model of information-seeking behaviour. Wilson, T.D. (1981). On user studies and information needs. Journal of Documentation, 37(1), 3-15. Retrieved 10 June, 2006 from http://informationr.net/tdw/publ/papers/1981infoneeds.html
- 1996: Wilson's 1996 model of information behaviour. Wilson, T.D. (1997). Information behaviour: an inter-diciplinary persepective. In: P. Vakkari, R. Savolainen & B. Dervin (Eds.). Information seeking in context. Proceedings of an international conference on research in information needs, seeking and use in different contexts 14-16 August, 1996, Tampere, Finland. (pp. 39-50) London: Taylor Graham.
- 1999: nested model of information behaviour: Wilson, T.D. (1999). Models in information behaviour research. Journal of Documentation, 55(3), 249-270. Retrieved 10 June, 2006 from http://informationr.net/tdw/publ/papers/1999JDoc.html
- 1999: A stage process version of Ellis's behavioural framework and comparison with Kulthau's stage process model - by Wilson 1999. Wilson, T.D. (1999). Models in information behaviour research. Journal of Documentation, 55(3), 249-270. Retrieved 10 June, 2006 from http://informationr.net/tdw/publ/papers/1999JDoc.html
- Dervin (1992) : Sense-making. Dervin, B. (1992). From the mind's eye of the user: the sense-making qualitative-quantitative methodology. In J. D. Glazier & R. R. Powell (Eds.), Qualitative research in information management. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited Inc.
既有模式的不足之處
- 回顧 TD Wilson 與 B Dervin 的資訊行為模型,提出兩個缺點
- 資訊行為並不一定是單向的
Multi-directionality in information behaviour
上述的資訊行為模型都是一種進程順序的關係: 個人體驗到某些需求,開始尋求,找到資訊,用來解決問題。但人的資訊尋求行為,實際上並沒有一定的順序,而是多方向的、遞迴的、可能中斷或放棄的、重新來過的。
The order of information seeking tasks may be reversed or convoluted, and includes dead-ends, changes of direction, iteration, abandonment and beginning again.- 既有的資訊行為模式都是以資訊尋求行為為主。
例外:Fisher, K.E. (2005). Information grounds. information giving and information use. Erdelez, S. (2005). Information encountering.
- Gap 並不能解釋資訊尋求行為的動機。Gap 過大或過小都不會發生資訊尋求行為。
- The definition of Information Behavior by Wilson
- 'those activities a person may engage in when identifying his or her own needs for information, searching for such information in any way and using or transferring that information.' (Wilson 1999: 249)
- 'the totality of human behaviour in relation to sources and channels of information, including both active and passive information seeking and information use.' (Wilson 2000: 49)
- A wider alternative information behaviour strategies:
- encounter information by actively gathering information towards a goal, but also by:
- routine information gathering (Krikelas 1983; Savolainen 1995; Williamson 1998) and
- picking up information by chance in the course of other activities. (Krikelas 1983; Savolainen 1995; Williamson 1998; Erdelez 2005
- People respond to information by seeking more information, but also by:
- sharing or spreading information, creating documents, telling other people. (Krikelas 1983; Wilson 1994; Haythornthwaite 1996; Williamson 1998; Pettigrew 1999; Rioux 2005)
- taking mental note (non specific goal or goal not imagined yet) (Krikelas 1983)
- avoiding or ignoring information (Chatman 1996, 2000; Wilson 1997; Solomon 2005)
- disputing or disbelieving information (Chatman 1999)
- hiding and / or destroying information (Chatman 1996, 2000)
- Dervin's bridge the gap. Seeking strategies 'allows them to change their internal reality, until it more closely fits what we are calling 'external reality'.'
- Dervin's theory can't interpret alternative strategies.
a new model
- build a bridge
- seek information
- create information
- make the gap smaller
- spread or dispute information
- destroy information
- ignore the gap (take a different path)
- avoid or disbelieve information
- take mental note
以下段落利用此處對行為模式的類型化,修改Wilson既有的模式。
discussion
討論的部份,圍繞在gap上。作者認為資訊行為需要focus the gap,更瞭解人如何在gap之中 navigating ,而並非只是要超越gap。另一方面,也認為有些資訊行為不需要有gap。作者視gap為資訊行為的主要動機來源。
最後,也提到許多新興的資訊行為研究並不處理資訊尋求行為。這些研究很難整合到既有模式上。作者也只是提出各種問號。
非尋求的資訊行為:這些引用來源幾乎都出自於 Fisher, K. E., Erdelez, S., & McKechnie, L. (Eds.). (2005). Theories of information behavior. Medford, N.J.: Information Today.
- Hjørland 2005;
- Sundin & Hedman 2005
- Talja 2005
- Savolainen (2005: 146) remarked that mastery of life 'describes the tendency to adopt a certain information seeking strategy'; does it also describe a general tendency toward strategies of information behaviour?
- information intents (Todd 2005),
- affective load (Nahl 2005),
- motivational factors (Watters & Duffy 2005),
- Hansen 2005;
- Wildemuth & Hughes 2005)
- Would the problem be investigated best by using discursive information research (Tuominen et al. 2005)
- social positioning theory (Given 2005),
Note
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