認知工作分析架構:從資訊行為研究到資訊系統設計
Citation - Fidel, R., & Pejtersen, A. M. (2004). From information behaviour research to the design of information systems: The cognitive work analysis framework. Information Research, 10(1), 10-11.
Keyword - Cognitive work analysis, Information behavior
Source - http://informationr.net/ir/10-1/paper210.html
本文可分為四段:
Cognitive Work Analysis: 認知工作分析
資訊科學與認知工作分析:
認知工作分析取向的設計與一般資訊系統設計的不同:
以分析一個公立小學教師的研究計劃,發展一協助教師的資訊系統為例,其認知工作分析面向應該如:
人資互動是一個複雜現象,因為人類認知程序本身既有的易變性,並生處在此一高度複雜的現代世界環境中。認知工作分析面向(上圖)只是處理這個複雜現象的第一步,先將複雜現象作一區隔。認知工作分析劃分出各個面向,指出有些屬性是組織的,有些是由工作或主題領域決定的,有些是文化或個人的。然而,每一個面向仍舊複雜。這些複雜現象如何能順從設計程序的需求?
This approach is facilitated by the Cognitive Work Analysis dimensions. Work analysis along these dimensions lays out the constraints under which actors carry out their tasks, regardless of their individual attributes. In other words, it analyses the context in which actors in a certain organization, performing a particular task, operate. Moreover, Cognitive Work Analysis recognizes that there are certain attributes that are typical to those who operate in a certain context. When Cognitive Work Analysis analyses actor's resources and values (inner circle in Figure 1), it creates a model of the prototypical actor, that is, that of the best example of an actor in the given context. Cognitive Work Analysis recognizes that not all actors are prototypical, and that their individual attributes and histories might affect their interaction with information. However, because the goal of Cognitive Work Analysis is to design information systems for distinct work domains and tasks, regardless of the individuals who are carrying out a task at a certain point in time, it considers the prototypical attributes as most important.
認知工作分析對各個面向的區分有助於此一研究取向的進行。工作分析援用這些面向,鋪陳出角色完成其任務時所面對的限制,而省略對個人屬性的分析。
The decision as to which prototypical attributes to analyse may change from one work domain to another. In a study about Web searching behaviour of high school students (Fidel et al., 1999), for example, we analysed the students' education, their experience with computers and with retrieving information from the Web, their experience in the subject domain, their educational plans for the future, their preferences with regard to searching the Web, the priority criteria they used to select a search strategy, the performance criteria they employed, and their opinion about their own situation, abilities, and preferences. While varying from one domain to another, several attributes are common to most domains, such as level of expertise and experience with the subject domain, experience and expertise with information systems, and technology, preferences, values, structure of subject domain, and type of training required to carry out the task. Future research on the application of Cognitive Work Analysis to the design of information systems is likely to develop a core set of attributes that would be relevant to most studies.
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