Folksonomy [群眾分類法]
俗民分類 / 大眾分類 / 群眾分類 / 通俗分類 / 分眾分類 / 社群分類
keyword : Information organization, classification, social network
語源: Folksonomy 一詞是由資訊架構師Thomas Vander Wal 於2004年在一群資訊架構師討論區中所創1) 2)。 一開始只是用來含括當時持續出現的Web2.0服務(e.g., Furl, Flickr & Del.icio.us)中,利用使用者自行分類而形成系統整體分類架構的現象;而後續引申成為一種與專業者分類相對的,由下而上建構的分類系統。
理論: 但若追溯到社會學理論研究,實際上這類由下而上的分類機制並非Web2.0時代的創舉,而是早已經出現在人類的社會文化之中。這類的研究可以遠溯至 Durkheim 與 Mauss對原始部落的社會學分類研究(Durkheim & Mauss, 1967),後續的研究分別發展成為知識社會學與資訊社會學的研究主題領域,但反而少有再回到原本資訊組織分類的研究領域中。原本 Vander Wal 用來指稱的新型態標記分類網路服務平台,近來傾向以更精確的「協同標記系統(collaborative tagging system)」來稱呼。
定義:
因此「群眾分類法」在定義上傾向用來表示: (1) 一種資訊分類架構(classification scheme),是由使用者從下而上建構的,而非由系統設計者從上而下建構的;(2) 一種使用者自行分類取代系統分類的現象。
但群眾分類法並不需要是一種網際網路的服務應用,也並非所有類似的網路服務都可以稱為是群眾分類法的應用。如使用者自行分類(如Gmail的label)或大量使用者回饋改良相關性(Google Reader中的 Tagging 與 Recommendation)的網際網路應用服務,都不能算是應用群眾分類法。(但後者可以被視為一種collaborative tagging的應用)
(以下為翻譯自Wikipedia(2006)的部份, 現在有許多內容都被撤換了, 是少數越改越短的文章, 留下以紀錄之 Translated form wikipedia , photo by psd )
Folksonomy - 是由使用者產生的任意關鍵字的協同分類工作。這個現象源於2004出現的許多社會軟體(social software)。例如分享書籤網站 「del.icio.us」,相片分享網站「Flickr」,目標分享網站「43 Things」等。
Gmail的標籤分類也是一種自訂關鍵字的分類方法,不過它並不能說是群眾分類,因為使用者彼此之間並不能分享分類的資訊。「群眾分類」與圖書資訊學中的「分面分類法」(faceted classification)並沒有直接關係。
通常,大家會認為「群眾分類」就是使用自訂的標籤進行分類(tagging)。但就這個定義來說,「群眾分類」與社會學與人類學已經行之有年的「常民分類」(folk classifications)研究–非專業者如何分類–極為類似。Harold Conklin 的《Folk Classification: A Topically Arranged Bibliography of Contemporary and Background References Through 1971. (1972, ISBN 0913516023) 就是其中之一。
群眾分類最能發揮在有很多使用者,而且描述相同一批資訊的時候。例如,在del.icio.us中有許多人都記錄Wikipedia這個網址,每個人都對這個網址作了些不同的描述。在這些不同的描述語彙中,del.icio.us會顯示最常被用的語彙:reference, wiki, encyclopedia。
「Jon Udell (2004)認為這種不受管制,使用關鍵字的分類法並非以往沒有的,並且其基礎的差別在於這種分類系統具有回饋的特色。」http://www.adammathes.com/academic/computer-mediated-communication/folksonomies.html
Folksonomy是由 Thomas Vander Wal 所創,以 folk (或 folks)與 taxonomy 所組成的詞彙。而taxonomy是由希臘字的“taxis”與“nomos”所組成的。“taxis”指分類(classification),而“nomos”是指管理的意思(management)。“folk”字源是德文,意思是人民、群眾(people)。因此“folksonomy”(群眾分類)指的是一般人進行的分類法系統。
(This article is translated form Wikipedia, so it is a GNU license document, see the copyright in Wikipedia )
folksonomy 分類問題初探
- folksonomy定義
- folksonomy 應用
- 分類法學理
- 使用者面向
- 分類法發展
- anthropology and folk classification
- cultural typification
- Burdieu's habitus
Cataloging & Classification Quarterly
links
- 英文原文 Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folksonomy
- Isaac 關於 folksonomy,他譯為「通俗分類」 http://www.isaacmao.com/2004/11/5/
- Owen 的說明,他譯為「分眾分類」 http://blog.timetide.net/archives/2005/01/15/20050115015808.php
- del.icio.us 中關於 folksonomy 的書籤 [http://del.icio.us/tag/folksonomy /del.icio.us/tag/folksonomy]
- 很棒的“folksonomy”圖片, http://www.flickr.com/photos/psd/5128681/
XXC's del.icio.us about folksonomy
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XXC's Furl about folksonomy
- An error occurred while fetching this feed: http://www.furl.net/members/e_xxc/rss.xml?topic=folksonomy
相關論文書目
相關論文
- 理論
- 社會學理論
- Schutz, A. (1970). On phenomenology and social relations: University of Chicago Press Chicago.
- Schutz, A., & Luckman, T. (1973). The structures of the life-world (R. Zaner & J. HT Englehadt, Trans.): Evanston, IL: Northwestern university Press.
- 理論性實徵研究
- 資訊科學
- Kwasnik, B. (1989). How a personal document's intended use or purpose affects its classification in an office. Proceedings of the 12th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, 207-210.
- 定義
- Mathes, A. (2004). Folksonomies - Cooperative Classification and Communication Through Shared Metadata. Computer Mediated Communication, LIS590CMC (Doctoral Seminar), Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, December. (I did some translation here)
- 定義: 協同標記系統 collaborative tagging system
- Hammond, T., Hannay, T., Lund, B., and Scott J. (2005). Social Bookmarking Tools (I)- A General Review. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april05/hammond/04hammond.html
- 應用
- 學術性協同標記系統 Social Bookmarking & Scholarly collaborative tagging system
- Lund, B., Hammond T., Flack M., and Hannay T. (2005). Social Bookmarking Tools (II)- A Case Study - Connotea. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april05/lund/04lund.html
- 社會網絡分析演算法
- Noll, M. G., & Yeung, A. (2009). Telling experts from spammers: Expertise ranking in folksonomies.
- Yeung, C. A., Noll, M. G., Gibbins, N., Meinel, C., & Shadbolt, N. (2009). On measuring expertise in collaborative tagging systems. Proceedings of the WebSci'09: Society On-Line, 18-20.
unread, in endnote
- Anthias, F. (1998). Rethinking social divisions: Some notes towards a theoretical framework. The Sociological Review, 46(3), 505-535.
- Boisot, M., & Li, Y. (2005). Codification, abstraction, and firm differences: A cognitive information-based perspective. Journal of Bioeconomics, 7(3), 309-334.
- Dye, J. (2006). Folksonomy: A game of high-tech (and high-stakes) tag. Econtent, 29(3), 38-43.
- Ghiselin, M. T., & Landa, J. T. (2005). The economics and bioeconomics of folk and scientific classification. Journal of Bioeconomics, 7(3), 221-238.
- Glover, E., Tsioutsiouliklis, K., Lawrence, S., Pennock, D., & Flake, G. (2002). Using web structure for classifying and describing {w}eb pages. Paper presented at the Proceedings of WWW-02, International Conference on the World Wide Web.
- Golder, S., & Huberman, B. (2005). The structure of collaborative tagging systems. from http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.DL/0508082
- Golder, S. A., & Huberman, B. A. (2006). Usage patterns of collaborative tagging systems. Journal Of Information Science, 32(2), 198-208.
- Guy, M., & Tonkin, E. (2006). Folksonomies: Tidying up tags? D-Lib Magazine, 12(1).
- Hotho, A., Jaschke, R., Schmitz, C., & Stumme, C. (2006). Information retrieval in folksonomies: Search and ranking. In Semantic web: Research and applications, proceedings (Vol. 4011, pp. 411-426).
- Kautz, H., Selman, B., & Shah, M. (2005). Referral web: Combining social networks and collaborative filtering. from http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/kautz97referralweb.html
- Keane, W. (2003). Semiotics and the social analysis of material things. Language and Communication, 23(3-4), 409-425.
- Lash, S. (2001). Technological forms of life. Theory, Culture & Society, 18(1), 105.
- Lizardo, O. (2004). The cognitive origins of bourdieu's habitus. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 34(4), 375-401.
- Martin, J. L. (2002). Power, authority, and the constraint of belief systems. American Journal of Sociology, 107(4), 861-904.
- Mika, P. (2005). Ontologies are us: A unified model of social networks and semantics. In Semantic web - iswc 2005, proceedings (Vol. 3729, pp. 522-536).
- Needham, R. (1963). Introduction. In Primitive classification (pp. vii-xlviii). London: Cohen & West.
- Newman, M. E. J. (2003). The structure and function of complex networks. from http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0303516
- Porter, J. (2005). Folksonomies: A user-driven approach to organizing content. User Interface Engineering, from http://www.uie.com/articles/folksonomies/
- Russell, T. (2005). Contextual authority tagging: Cognitive authority through folksonomy. 2005, from http://www.terrellrussell.com/projects/contextualauthoritytagging/conauthtag200505.pdf
- Schutz, A., Walsh, G., & Lehnert, F. (1990). The phenomenology of the social world. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
- Shen, K., & Wu, L. (2005). Folksonomy as a complex network. from http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.IR/0509072
- Veres, C. (2006). The language of folksonomies: What tags reveal about user classification. In Natural language processing and information systems, proceedings (Vol. 3999, pp. 58-69).
- Wu, H., Gordon, M., & DeMaagd, K. (2004). Document co-organization in an online knowledge community.
- Zerubavel, E. (1997). Social mindscapes: An invitation to cognitive sociology: Harvard University Press.
- Zhang, L., Wu, X., & Yu, Y. (2006). Emergent semantics from folksonomies: A quantitative study. In Journal on data semantics vi (Vol. 4090, pp. 168-186).
相關文章
- Easy library 翻譯為「自由分類法」 http://www.csdl.ac.cn/ezlibrarian/archives/000904.html
- Isaac 與 Acer 對談,關於 blog 與 folksonomy http://ooof.blogbus.com/logs/2005/04/1094663.html
here are links form wikipedia
I still didn't read them all …
- [http://www.corante.com/many/archives/2004/08/25/folksonomy.php Clay Shirky on folksonomy]
- [http://atomiq.org/archives/2004/08/folksonomy_social_classification.html Gene Smith on folksonomy]
- [http://www.vanderwal.net/random/category.php?cat=153 Vanderwal on folksonomy]
- [http://www.peterme.com/archives/000444.html Mob indexing? Folk categorization? Social tagging?]
- [http://blogger.iftf.org/Future/000664.html Flickr and “folksonomies”]
- [http://poorbuthappy.com/ease/archives/2005/01/15/2419/ Peter Van Dijck on Emergent i18n effects in folksonomies]
- [http://www.metafilter.com/tags.mefi MetaFilter folksonomy]
- [http://www.technorati.com/tag/ Technorati folksonomy]
- [http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2005/02/08/tagging/ Salon.com's popular introduction to Folksonomy]
- [http://seokeywordanalysis.com/seotools/infobase/folksonomy/ Folksonomy Encyclopedia of Terms]
- [http://blog.forret.com/blog/2005/02/folksonomizer-generic-folksonomy.html Folksonomizer]: generic folksonomy service
- [http://podcasttag.com/ Podcast Tags folksonomy] folksonomy specific to podcasts
folksonomy paper in XXC's Citeulike
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