Citation - Svenonius, E. (2000). The intellectual foundation of information organization: MIT press.
Keyword -
The first part: intellectual foundation of information organization.
Chapter 1 [Introduces and defines: intellectual foundation, information ,and document] It establishes a conceptual framework that identifies the central purpose of systems for organizing information: bringing like things together and differentiating among them (同其所同,異其所異). It considers the function of principles in the context of systems design and concludes with an illustration of some of the problems encountered in the design of organizing systems.
The second half of the book moves from generalities to particulars. It presents an overview of three bibliographic languages used to organize information – work languages, document languages, and subject languages – and looks at these languages in terms of their vocabulary, semantics, and syntax.
Chapter 8 [Subject language - alphabetic LC vs classification DDC]
Chapter 9 [Subject language - semantics]
Chapter 10 [Subject language - syntax]
Ch 2 目錄的目的
bibliographic – information retrieve system's objective:
the traditional objective:
此節回顧歷史發展
Sufficiency of objectives:
此節 Svenonius 討論了 navigate 的目的
瀏覽: 找到關於某作品的其他作品,如:與此作品具有概括、聚集、相連關係,或在屬性上等同、階層、相關的其他作品。
To navigate a bibliographic database (that is, to find works related to a given work by generalization, association, or aggregation; to find attributes related by equivalence, association, and hierarchy).
Objectives of a Full-Featured Bibliographic System:
在此 Svenonius 提出涵蓋前兩項的五目的架構。
Operationalization of Objectives:
The Collocating Objectives: 集中。從 IR 的 precision, recall, relevance 探索 collocating 的 measurement
Open-Ended Objectives: 處理無盡的描述與格式是不經濟的,討論核心(core)詮釋資料。
Necessity of Objective:
Implementation of Objectives in Present Systems:
Implementation of Objectives in Future Systems:
Cost
User need: 一些研究顯示使用者並不那麼需要傳統完整的書目資料
Different system has different purpose.
Full-feature bibliographic system still has its user.
Ch 3 Entities: 實體
Ch 5 書目語言原則
bibliographic languages constructing principles: 書目語言五原則
user convenience, 便利用戶
representation, 表徵
sufficiency and necessity, 充分性與必要性
standardization, 標準化
integration. 整合
可參看 張慧銖(2003)。圖書館目錄發展研究。第四章, 第一節, 書目記述的原則。其論述基本上根據此章的譯成。
the difference between bibliographic…
充分性與必要性: Occam's Razor: = Principle of parsimony 簡約原則 (Ranganathan: canon of impartiality)
Lubetzky 1953: “Is this rule necessary?”
two studies
Library of Congress (US, 1946)
OCLC (1993): 根據13個資料欄位設計出來的機制,足以提供重複書目資料比對的工作 / 13 weighted data elements are sufficient for identifying duplicate records in 36 million records bibliographic database.
Seal (1983)
Ch 6 作品語言
[Work language - Anglo-American Cataloging tradition]: 用來描述作品的語言: 語意結構與語法規範
names attributes, entities, and relationships – to provide the means to find information
derive and assigned metadata – to provide the normalization required to organize it
syntax – to disambiguate vocabulary and order bibliographic displays
others: membership, inclusion, equivalence, aggregation, sequence, and commentary
屬性 / Attributes
根據一般使用習慣選名 / Choice of Names: Commons Usage
明確名稱 / Disambiguation of Names: add Elements, Context, and Syntax
建立語意關聯 / Mapping Names: Semantic
實體 / Entities
關係 / Relationships (Tillett)
Membership
Inclusion
Equivalence
Aggregation
Sequence
未來展望 Observation: 傳統的書目編目需要調整到數位資訊時代的需求。
controlled vs. uncontrolled vocabulary
定義: 主款目 / define: main entry
The definition of main entry is surrounded by confusion and controversy. Defined in terms of what it refers to, it can denote:
A description of a document, in particular its full description (a meaning that is now obsolete);
The attribute of a document by which it is most often accessed, its so-called main access point, such as a person, corporate body, or title.
A work, which is designated either by a normalized name title or by a normalized title.
(p.95)
選擇「作者-題名」(Author-title)作為主款目的理由與挑戰
(p.95-6)
使用複合屬性作為主款目的原因
沒有單一屬性足以當作作品的唯一性識別
no single attribute suffices to identify a work uniquely
作者寫出很多作品,且題名通常沒有識別性
authors write numerous works, and titles are often not distinctive
以作者名作為前導項,因為
Ch 7 文件語言 AACR2
[Document languages - AACR2] Document languages are the languages used to describe space-time embodiments of information. 描繪能體現在特定時空的資訊
傳統的描繪對象: 書、文件
傳統文件語言遇到新媒體時,所產生的問題:
The problem of classifying these media 分類問題
The problem of deciding what physical characteristics of nonbook media should or can be described in bibliographic records. 應該描繪哪些物質特徵的問題
The problem (brought to the fore by documents in digital form) of how to organize entities that lack essential descriptive attributes, because they are unstable or in flux 如何描繪易變且流動的數位文件的問題
The political and technological problem of creating stable, standard document identifiers 如何建立穩定、標準的文件識別:政治性與技術性的問題
Note
file link - Google Schloar, XXC