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+ | == Actor-network theory and is research / Walsham (1997) == | ||
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+ | **Citation** - [[: | ||
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+ | **Keyword** - [[:actor network theory]], [[:social informatics]] | ||
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+ | * Introduction | ||
+ | ** History: | ||
+ | *** First, concerned with the sociology of science and was pioneered at the Ecole des Mines in Paris by [[: | ||
+ | *** Later, focus on technology (Latour 1996a) and information technology (Latour 1996b) | ||
+ | *** A strand of the wider school of thought on the social construction of technology (Bijker, Hughes and Pinch 1987). | ||
+ | ** **定義:**行動者網路理論,關注社會與技術的同時交織,認為此一交織是由人類與非人類元件所延伸網路的創造與維護。以資訊技術方面而言,此一網路包含了人、組織、軟體、計算機與通訊硬體、與網路架構標準。\\ <fs 50%> | ||
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+ | * KEY CONCEPTS | ||
+ | ** Table 1: Summary of Some Key Concepts in Actor-Network Theory | ||
+ | ** **Human and nohuman actors**: A key feature of the theory is that actors are taken to include both human beings and nonhuman actors such as technological artifacts. This perspective has created considerable controversy; | ||
+ | *** **nonhuman resources can**: addition in actor-network theory that nonhuman resources, such as a graph in a scientific paper, can be used to "stand in or speak for:' or be delegates for, particular viewpoints or truth-statements which help to maintain a particular network of alliance. | ||
+ | ** **Successful network**: 成功的連結利益網路,透過聯合所需的聯盟,並轉換各自的利益,使他們以特定的思考方式與維護網路的行動,彼此參與在一起。 | ||
+ | ** both a theory and methodology combined. | ||
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+ | * Studies adopt ANT | ||
+ | ** Bloomfield et (1992): case study of the development of a particular set of resource management information systems in the UK National Health Service. | ||
+ | ** Boland and Schultze (1996): activity based costing as an accounting technology, | ||
+ | ** Bowker, Timrnermans and Star (1996): a classification scheme for understanding nursing work. | ||
+ | ** Monteiro and Hanseth (1996): EDI systems in the Norwegian health sector, and concern the definition of a message standard for identifying a drug prescription and one for exchanging test results. | ||
+ | ** Vidgen and McMaster (1996): an innovative car parking system which was both an information system and an access control point. | ||
+ | ** Bowers (1992): discusses computer-mediated communication, | ||
+ | ** Kavanagh and Araujo (1995): discuss the nature and social construction of time, using actor-network theory as a basis for examining field material from a longitudinal study of the replacement of a control system in a pharmaceutical plant. | ||
+ | ** Hine (1995): describes an information system for botanical(草藥) plant categorization, | ||
+ | ** Walsham and Sabay (1996): describe the attempt at the creation of a network of aligned interests for the development and use of GIS for district-level administration in India. | ||
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+ | * CRITICAL | ||
+ | ** Limited Analysis of Social Structures \\ 缺乏對社會結構的分析 | ||
+ | ** An Amoral Stance \\ 無道德立場 | ||
+ | ** the Problem of Generalized Symmetry \\ 一般對稱性原則的問題 | ||
+ | *** 一般對稱性原則:不預設自然與社會、人與非人行動者的任何本質、面向、學科、規模等等,而由行動者在文獻中對其它文獻、行動者的相互定義與作用過程,重新揭開已經被視為理所當然的各種事實是如何被穩定下來的、已被認為對的或錯的理論又是如何變成對的或錯的。[[http:// | ||
+ | ** Problems of Description \\ 描述的問題 | ||
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+ | * FUTURE PROSPECTS | ||
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+ | ===Key concepts of ANT=== | ||
+ | ^Concept ^ Description ^ | ||
+ | |Actor (or actant) \\ 行動者 |Both human beings and nonhuman actors such as technological artifacts \\ 人與非人的行動者(actor)都是技術產物 | | ||
+ | |Actor-network \\ 行動者-網路 | Heterogeneous network of aligned interests, including people, organizations and standards. \\ 趣向(利益)結盟的異質網路,包含人群、組織與標準 | | ||
+ | |Enrollment and translation \\ 聯合與轉換| Creating a body of allies, human and non-human, through a process of translating their interests to be aligned with the actor-network \\ 結盟。人與非人經由轉換其趣向(利益)而在行動者網路中結盟的過程 | | ||
+ | |Delegates and inscription \\ 代言與銘印 |Delegates are actors who "stand in and speak for" particular viewpoints which have been inscribed in them, e.g., software as frozen organizational discourse \\ 行動者挺身為銘印在自身內的特定觀點說話,稱為代言 | | ||
+ | |Irreversibility \\ 不可逆性 |The degree to which it is subsequently impossible to go back to a point where alternative possibilities exist | | ||
+ | |Black box \\ 黑盒子 |A frozen network element, often with properties of irreversibility \\ 已凍結的網路元件。通常有不可逆性 | | ||
+ | |Immutable mobile \\ 不變元件 |Network element with strong properties of irreversibility, | ||
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+ | == Note == | ||
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+ | == Metadata == | ||
+ | {{backlinks> | ||
+ | {{tag>}} | ||
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+ | **file link** - [[google.s> | ||
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