Citation - Callon, M., & Law, J. (1989). On the construction of sociotechnical networks: content and context revisited. Knowledge and Society: Studies in the Sociology of Science Past and Present, 8, p.57-83.

Keyword -

• 對科學與技術創新的瞭解，與對經濟與社會結構的瞭解，以往被視為是兩個各自的領域。但是在這兩個場域之間仍有協商的空間。
• In this paper we put forward a different and initially counter-intuitive argument by suggesting that though a distinction between context and content is indeed relevant to the understanding of science-society relations, this is not something whose location and character can be legislated by the analyst. We argue that it is a division that is negotiated and renegotiated by the actors themselves.
  Callan & Law 認為對情境(context)與內容(content)的區分，對瞭解科學/社會關係而言，是至其相關的；而這科學/社會彼此間的位置與特徵不是能被分析所合法化的。他們主張這種區分是來自於行動者們(actors)自己內部的協商與再協商過程。
• Callan & Law 認為研究行動者尋找與建立彼此連結，如實驗室與消費者、科學知識與生產方法、科學政策與經濟成長，是重要的。此種行動者間的連結建立，即社會-科技網路的建構與轉化(construction and transformation of socio-technical networks)。
• 對轉化(translation)的定義：提出或建立[計畫、旨趣、目標、自然浮現的實體(可能被各自區分開的物件)間的關係組合]的一種程序。
  We define translation as a process in which sets of relations between projects, interests, goals, and naturally occurring entities–objects which might otherwise be quite separate from one another–are proposed and brought into being.

網路的建立與動員：建構協商空間

• 被科學家動員的資源：
  • CNEXO
  • 法國消費者
  • 科學家社群
  • 地區性權力機構，商會或類似的官方或非官方組織
    local and regional authorities, chambers of commerce and similar government and nongovernmental organization.

• spokesperson - [translation] - mobilization

file link - Google Schloar, XXC