Hall (1985:99): 意識形態是「思考的框架，與對世界的盤算–人們用來理解世界運作、置身何處、應行何事的概念」。
> “ideologies are frameworks of thinking and calculation about the world – the 'ideas' which people use to figure out how the social world works, what their place is in it and what they ought to do.”