==Folksonomy [群眾分類法]== **俗民分類** / 大眾分類 / 群眾分類 / 通俗分類 / 分眾分類 / 社群分類 **keyword** : [[Information organization]], [[classification]], [[social network]] **語源**: Folksonomy 一詞是由資訊架構師Thomas Vander Wal 於2004年在一群資訊架構師討論區中所創((http://vanderwal.net/folksonomy.html)) ((http://atomiq.org/archives/2004/08/folksonomy_social_classification.html))。 一開始只是用來含括當時持續出現的Web2.0服務(e.g., Furl, Flickr & Del.icio.us)中,利用使用者自行分類而形成系統整體分類架構的現象;而後續引申成為一種與專業者分類相對的,由下而上建構的分類系統。 **理論**: 但若追溯到社會學理論研究,實際上這類由下而上的分類機制並非Web2.0時代的創舉,而是早已經出現在人類的社會文化之中。這類的研究可以遠溯至 Durkheim 與 Mauss對原始部落的社會學分類研究(Durkheim & Mauss, 1967),後續的研究分別發展成為[[:knowledge sociology:|知識社會學]]與[[:social informatics:|資訊社會學]]的研究主題領域,但反而少有再回到原本資訊組織分類的研究領域中。原本 Vander Wal 用來指稱的新型態標記分類網路服務平台,近來傾向以更精確的「協同標記系統(collaborative tagging system)」來稱呼。 **定義**: 因此「群眾分類法」在定義上傾向用來表示: (1) 一種資訊分類架構(classification scheme),是由使用者從下而上建構的,而非由系統設計者從上而下建構的;(2) 一種使用者自行分類取代系統分類的現象。 但群眾分類法並不需要是一種網際網路的服務應用,也並非所有類似的網路服務都可以稱為是群眾分類法的應用。如使用者自行分類(如Gmail的label)或大量使用者回饋改良相關性(Google Reader中的 Tagging 與 Recommendation)的網際網路應用服務,都不能算是應用群眾分類法。(但後者可以被視為一種collaborative tagging的應用) ---- (以下為翻譯自Wikipedia(2006)的部份, 現在有許多內容都被撤換了, 是少數越改越短的文章, 留下以紀錄之 Translated form [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folksonomy|wikipedia]] , photo by [[http://www.flickr.com/photos/psd/|psd]] ) {{http://static.flickr.com/5/5128681_18ac5101ad_m.jpg }} **Folksonomy** - 是由使用者產生的任意關鍵字的協同分類工作。這個現象源於2004出現的許多社會軟體([[social software]])。例如分享書籤網站 「[[http://del.icio.us|del.icio.us]]」,相片分享網站「[[http://www.flickr.com/|Flickr]]」,目標分享網站「[[http://www.43things.com/|43 Things]]」等。 [[http://gmail.google.com|Gmail]]的標籤分類也是一種自訂關鍵字的分類方法,不過它並不能說是群眾分類,因為使用者彼此之間並不能分享分類的資訊。「群眾分類」與圖書資訊學中的「分面分類法」([[faceted classification]])並沒有直接關係。 通常,大家會認為「群眾分類」就是使用自訂的標籤進行分類(tagging)。但就這個定義來說,「群眾分類」與社會學與人類學已經行之有年的「常民分類」(folk classifications)研究--非專業者如何分類--極為類似。Harold Conklin 的《Folk Classification: A Topically Arranged Bibliography of Contemporary and Background References Through 1971. (1972, ISBN 0913516023) 就是其中之一。 群眾分類最能發揮在有很多使用者,而且描述相同一批資訊的時候。例如,在[[http://del.icio.us|del.icio.us]]中有許多人都記錄[[http://del.icio.us/url/bca8b85b54a7e6c01a1bcfaf15be1df5|Wikipedia]]這個網址,每個人都對這個網址作了些不同的描述。在這些不同的描述語彙中,del.icio.us會顯示最常被用的語彙:reference, wiki, encyclopedia。 「Jon Udell (2004)認為這種不受管制,使用關鍵字的分類法並非以往沒有的,並且其基礎的差別在於這種分類系統具有回饋的特色。」[[http://www.adammathes.com/academic/computer-mediated-communication/folksonomies.html]] Folksonomy是由 Thomas Vander Wal 所創,以 folk (或 folks)與 taxonomy 所組成的詞彙。而taxonomy是由希臘字的"taxis"與"nomos"所組成的。"taxis"指分類(classification),而"nomos"是指管理的意思(management)。"folk"字源是德文,意思是人民、群眾(people)。因此"folksonomy"(群眾分類)指的是一般人進行的分類法系統。 (This article is translated form Wikipedia, so it is a GNU license document, see the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights|copyright in Wikipedia]] ) ==folksonomy 分類問題初探== * folksonomy定義 * folksonomy 應用 * 分類法學理 ** 使用者面向 ** 分類法發展 * anthropology and folk classification * cultural typification * Burdieu's habitus Cataloging & Classification Quarterly ==links== * 英文原文 Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folksonomy * Isaac 關於 folksonomy,他譯為「通俗分類」 http://www.isaacmao.com/2004/11/5/ * Owen 的說明,他譯為「分眾分類」 http://blog.timetide.net/archives/2005/01/15/20050115015808.php * del.icio.us 中關於 folksonomy 的書籤 [http://del.icio.us/tag/folksonomy /del.icio.us/tag/folksonomy] * 很棒的"folksonomy"圖片, http://www.flickr.com/photos/psd/5128681/ ===XXC's del.icio.us about folksonomy=== {{rss>http://del.icio.us/rss/xxc/folksonomy 20}} ===XXC's Furl about folksonomy=== {{rss>http://www.furl.net/members/e_xxc/rss.xml?topic=folksonomy 20}} ==相關論文書目== ==== 相關論文 ==== * 理論 ** 社會學理論 *** [[:study:Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality|Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality: Doubleday.]] *** [[:study:Schutz, A. (1970). On phenomenology and social relations]]: University of Chicago Press Chicago. *** [[:study:Schutz, A., & Luckman, T. (1973). The structures of the life-world]] (R. Zaner & J. HT Englehadt, Trans.): Evanston, IL: Northwestern university Press. *** [[:study:Durkheim, E., & Mauss, M. (1967). Primitive classification|Durkheim, E., & Mauss, M. (1967). Primitive classification (R. Needham, Trans.). London: Heinemann Educational Publishers.]] * 理論性實徵研究 ** 資訊科學 *** [[:study:Cooper, L. Z. (2004). The socialization of information behavior|Cooper, L. Z. (2004). The socialization of information behavior: A case study of cognitive categories for library information. The Library Quarterly, 74(3), 299-336.]] *** [[:study:Kwasnik, B. (1989). How a personal document's intended use or purpose affects its classification in an office]]. Proceedings of the 12th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, 207-210. * 定義 ** Mathes, A. (2004). Folksonomies - [[http://www.adammathes.com/academic/computer-mediated-communication/folksonomies.html |Cooperative Classification and Communication Through Shared Metadata]]. Computer Mediated Communication, LIS590CMC (Doctoral Seminar), Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, December. (I did some [[:study:Mathes, A. (2004). Folksonomies-cooperative classification and communication through shared metadata|translation here]]) ** 定義: 協同標記系統 collaborative tagging system *** Hammond, T., Hannay, T., Lund, B., and Scott J. (2005). Social Bookmarking Tools (I)- A General Review. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april05/hammond/04hammond.html * 應用 ** 學術性協同標記系統 Social Bookmarking & Scholarly collaborative tagging system *** Lund, B., Hammond T., Flack M., and Hannay T. (2005). Social Bookmarking Tools (II)- A Case Study - Connotea. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april05/lund/04lund.html ** 社會網絡分析演算法 *** [[:study:Noll, M. G., & Yeung, A. (2009). Telling experts from spammers]]: Expertise ranking in folksonomies. *** [[:study:Yeung, C. A., Noll, M. G., Gibbins, N., Meinel, C., & Shadbolt, N. (2009). On measuring expertise in collaborative tagging systems]]. Proceedings of the WebSci'09: Society On-Line, 18-20. ====unread, in endnote==== * Anthias, F. (1998). Rethinking social divisions: Some notes towards a theoretical framework. The Sociological Review, 46(3), 505-535. * Boisot, M., & Li, Y. (2005). Codification, abstraction, and firm differences: A cognitive information-based perspective. Journal of Bioeconomics, 7(3), 309-334. * Dye, J. (2006). Folksonomy: A game of high-tech (and high-stakes) tag. Econtent, 29(3), 38-43. * Ghiselin, M. T., & Landa, J. T. (2005). The economics and bioeconomics of folk and scientific classification. Journal of Bioeconomics, 7(3), 221-238. * Glover, E., Tsioutsiouliklis, K., Lawrence, S., Pennock, D., & Flake, G. (2002). Using web structure for classifying and describing {w}eb pages. Paper presented at the Proceedings of WWW-02, International Conference on the World Wide Web. * Golder, S., & Huberman, B. (2005). The structure of collaborative tagging systems. from http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.DL/0508082 * Golder, S. A., & Huberman, B. A. (2006). Usage patterns of collaborative tagging systems. Journal Of Information Science, 32(2), 198-208. * Guy, M., & Tonkin, E. (2006). Folksonomies: Tidying up tags? D-Lib Magazine, 12(1). * Hotho, A., Jaschke, R., Schmitz, C., & Stumme, C. (2006). Information retrieval in folksonomies: Search and ranking. In Semantic web: Research and applications, proceedings (Vol. 4011, pp. 411-426). * Kautz, H., Selman, B., & Shah, M. (2005). Referral web: Combining social networks and collaborative filtering. from http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/kautz97referralweb.html * Keane, W. (2003). Semiotics and the social analysis of material things. Language and Communication, 23(3-4), 409-425. * Lash, S. (2001). Technological forms of life. Theory, Culture & Society, 18(1), 105. * Lizardo, O. (2004). The cognitive origins of bourdieu's habitus. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 34(4), 375-401. * Martin, J. L. (2002). Power, authority, and the constraint of belief systems. American Journal of Sociology, 107(4), 861-904. * Mika, P. (2005). Ontologies are us: A unified model of social networks and semantics. In Semantic web - iswc 2005, proceedings (Vol. 3729, pp. 522-536). * Needham, R. (1963). Introduction. In Primitive classification (pp. vii-xlviii). London: Cohen & West. * Newman, M. E. J. (2003). The structure and function of complex networks. from http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0303516 * Porter, J. (2005). Folksonomies: A user-driven approach to organizing content. User Interface Engineering, from http://www.uie.com/articles/folksonomies/ * Russell, T. (2005). Contextual authority tagging: Cognitive authority through folksonomy. 2005, from http://www.terrellrussell.com/projects/contextualauthoritytagging/conauthtag200505.pdf * Schutz, A., Walsh, G., & Lehnert, F. (1990). The phenomenology of the social world. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. * Shen, K., & Wu, L. (2005). Folksonomy as a complex network. from http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.IR/0509072 * Veres, C. (2006). The language of folksonomies: What tags reveal about user classification. In Natural language processing and information systems, proceedings (Vol. 3999, pp. 58-69). * Wu, H., Gordon, M., & DeMaagd, K. (2004). Document co-organization in an online knowledge community. * Zerubavel, E. (1997). Social mindscapes: An invitation to cognitive sociology: Harvard University Press. * Zhang, L., Wu, X., & Yu, Y. (2006). Emergent semantics from folksonomies: A quantitative study. In Journal on data semantics vi (Vol. 4090, pp. 168-186). ====相關文章==== * Easy library 翻譯為「自由分類法」 http://www.csdl.ac.cn/ezlibrarian/archives/000904.html * Isaac 與 Acer 對談,關於 blog 與 folksonomy http://ooof.blogbus.com/logs/2005/04/1094663.html ====here are links form wikipedia==== I still didn't read them all ... * [http://www.corante.com/many/archives/2004/08/25/folksonomy.php Clay Shirky on folksonomy] * [http://atomiq.org/archives/2004/08/folksonomy_social_classification.html Gene Smith on folksonomy] * [http://www.vanderwal.net/random/category.php?cat=153 Vanderwal on folksonomy] * [http://www.peterme.com/archives/000444.html Mob indexing? Folk categorization? Social tagging?] * [http://blogger.iftf.org/Future/000664.html Flickr and "folksonomies"] * [http://poorbuthappy.com/ease/archives/2005/01/15/2419/ Peter Van Dijck on Emergent i18n effects in folksonomies] * [http://www.metafilter.com/tags.mefi MetaFilter folksonomy] * [http://www.technorati.com/tag/ Technorati folksonomy] * [http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2005/02/08/tagging/ Salon.com's popular introduction to Folksonomy] * [http://seokeywordanalysis.com/seotools/infobase/folksonomy/ Folksonomy Encyclopedia of Terms] * [http://blog.forret.com/blog/2005/02/folksonomizer-generic-folksonomy.html Folksonomizer]: generic folksonomy service * [http://podcasttag.com/ Podcast Tags folksonomy] folksonomy specific to podcasts ====folksonomy paper in XXC's Citeulike==== {{rss>http://www.citeulike.org/rss/user/xxc/tag/folksonomy 20}} {{tag>folksonomy lis information_organization classification}}